A fourth Rule kind: overflow = max(0, factor × (level − threshold)). It stays
shut until its `+` level passes its `−` threshold, so an outflow on it spills only
the excess — a spillway / hard ceiling the smooth rules can't draw.
Gap can't stand in for it: it's signed and bidirectional (coffee cooling relies on
that), so below the threshold a gap outflow runs backwards. Clamping at zero is the
whole point, and it can't be applied globally without breaking gap. This is the
additive vocabulary growth ADR-0004 anticipates — a new kind in the union plus a
case in the evaluator — alongside touch-ups to the rule validator and the inspector.
Phase 2 brings Models to life. ADR-0004: behaviour comes from a small fixed
vocabulary of rules (Constant / Proportional / Gap) read over the inbound
Information Links, not free-form formulas — valid by construction.
- types: Rule union, SimSpec, initialValue; replaces the unused equation field
- simulation: forward-Euler engine, dependency-ordered evaluation, algebraic-loop
detection, non-negative stocks, and a divergence guard
- io: validate and round-trip the new fields (F8)
